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Practice VocabularyOnline English speaking Course

The  difference between these words: continuous, continual, constant, and persistent

CONTINUOUS

“Continuous” means, without stopping. Think about water flowing through a river, or water falling down a waterfall. The water is flowing continuously without stopping. There’s no pause, there’s no break.

This here, “continuous,” is the adjective form. I said, “The water is flowing continuously.” I added LY, to make it an adverb, in order to describe the verb, “flow.” The water in a river is flowing continuously, without stopping.

If you live next door to a factory where there are a lot of machines and a lot of noise, then you might say, “There is continuous noise from the factory.” All day, the noise is continuous. It doesn’t stop, and there are no breaks. “Continuous” means, without stopping.

CONTINUAL

“Continual” means, very frequent. If you have a very busy office and the phone is ringing frequently, you could say, “The phone is ringing continually.” It’s not, without stopping, because there are pauses or breaks, but it happens very, very frequently.

Another example would be, let’s say you’re in a conversation, and someone else comes into the conversation, and they interrupt you once, then twice, then three times. You could say, “This person continually interrupts me.” It’s multiple instances of interruption. It happens very frequently.

Do you see the difference between “continuous,” which means, without stopping, there are no breaks, and “continual,” which refers to a series of very frequent incidents?

CONSTANT

We also have the word “constant.” Constant can be actually used for both of these situations. You could say about the water in the river, “The water is constantly flowing.” It doesn’t stop. Or you could say about the phone ringing, “The phone is constantly ringing.”

The word “constant” as an adjective, or “constantly” as an adverb, can be used to describe both of these situations. Either, without stopping, or, very frequent. Usually, we can tell from the context, which one it is.

In the example of the factory making noise, if I said, “There’s constant noise from the factory,” I understand from the context that the noise doesn’t stop. If someone interrupts me constantly, then those are specific incidents that happen very frequently. Constant and constantly can be used for both of these situations.

PERSISTENT

We also have the word “persistent.” Sometimes “persistent” means, very frequent. For example, you can talk about someone making persistent mistakes in a project. It means they made many, many mistakes, over and over. They repeatedly made mistakes.

It’s actually more common to use the word “persistent” to describe a person who doesn’t give up. For example, if you’re looking for a job and you’ve already spent several months looking without success, but you still keep trying and keep sending out your resume, and keep making phone calls, then you are being persistent, because you are continuing to make effort, and you’re not giving up.

Or if you’re studying English every day, then you are studying English persistently. You keep making effort. You make effort every day, and you don’t stop making effort. You don’t give up on your goal of learning English. You can remember, “persistent” usually describes people, because you have the “per” in “persistent,” is like the “per” in “person” who doesn’t give up

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Continuous or continual

Continuous describes something that continues without stopping.

Continual usually describes an action that is repeated again and again.

 As with many words that are confused for one another, the difference between continual and continuous can be difficult to notice. Slight though it may be, it exists and you should be sure to think about what you really mean when you are using continual or continuous.

1.He kept the letter as a _____________________________ reminder of her kindness.

2. A circle is a _____________________________ circuit.

3. I am _____________________________ trying to improve my grammar.

4. You can't work _____________________________ for five hours without a break!

5. Oliver sat on the beach and looked at the _____________________________ shoreline.

6. I'm sorry I

can't work with these _____________________________ interruptions.

7. The rain has been _____________________________ since this morning.

8. He was fed up with the _____________________________ arguments.

9. Her baby cried _____________________________ all afternoon.

10. Her mother _____________________________ bugs her about getting a job

ANSWERS:

1. continually
2. continual
3. continuous
4. continually
5. continuously
6. continuous
7. continual
8. continuous
9. continual

10. continuously 

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MOST of the students do not score  well PTE/IELTS/TOEFL because they  do not know Academic English Vocabulary

There are 8 questions in this quiz. Choose the best answer

1.  Come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

  construct    

  perceive    

  acquire   

2. (Sports) the act of enabling another player to make a good play

  assist    

  resource    

  journal   

3.   An association organized to promote art or science or education

  institute    

  region    

  element  

4.   ascribe an achievement to

  survey    

  design    

  credit    

 5.   The movement of a read/write head to a specific data track on a disk

  item    

  seek    

  element  

6.   Involving advantage or good

  primary    

  distinct    

  positive  

7.   expected to become or be; in prospect

       normal    

       positive   

        potential   

8.  Manner of acting or controlling yourself

  conduct    

  transfer    

  resource 

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PTE Academic Describe image

Most of the PTE Academic Candidates get nervous when the see the image in the PTE Exam. This is because they are not prepared In this lesson I will be displaying different type of pictures that can help you

Lets First Practice different types of Lifecycles

The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm

The diagrams illustrate the life cycle process of the silkworm

Overall, life cycle of silkworm has four major stages which begin with eggs and end with cocoon

The life cycle of a silkworm begins from the eggs laid by the mother worm and from these eggs the silkworm larva is generated after 10 days. The silkworm larva usually eats leaves like mulberry leaves and completes the second stage of the life cycle in 4-6 weeks. In their third stage, they create silk thread shells and remain there for another 3 to 8 days and then create an oval cocoons. The cocoon-stage lasts for around 16 days and they become moth in the final stage. With time the moths grow up and recycle the processes again.

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The life cycle of a salmon

The diagram illustrates the life cycle of a salmon, starting from spawning until the fish will reach adulthood.

It can be observed in the picture that most of its life cycle occurs in the river, from laying off its egg to rearing in the river before it move to the ocean to grow and mature.

The beginning of the cycle starts when an adult salmon lays their egg in the river, then followed by the incubation of the eggs for a certain time before the emergence of the fish occurs. The last stage that happens in the river will be the freshwater rearing before they will swim towards the mouth of the river that meets the ocean called estuary where they will stay for rearing.

The last stage will occur in the ocean that begins with the migration of the salmon to its rearing place until they reach a certain stage of growth and maturity before they migrate to spawning area to begin a new cycle.

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Life cycle of honeybee

nymph = immature form of an insect
moult = shed or lose old feathers, hair or skin to allow for new growth

 The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a honey bee. We can see that the complete life cycle lasts between 34 and 36 days. It is also noticeable that there are five main stages in the development of the honey bee, from egg to mature adult insect.

The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg; the female typically lays one or two eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days later, each egg hatches and the immature insect, or nymph, appears.

During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows in size and sheds its skin three times. This moulting first takes place 5 days after the egg hatches, then 7 days later, and again another 9 days later. After a total of 30 to 31 days from the start of the cycle, the young adult honey bee emerges from its final moulting stage, and in the space of only 4 days, it reaches full maturity.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                              Life cycle of a frog

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The above diagram provides information about the phases in the lives of frogs.It can be clearly seen that their life cycle encompasses the forms from eggs to mature frogs.To begin with, the whole process starts when frogs mate on the land and it leads their females to lay eggs on the ponds. After that, that frogspawn turn into small tadpoles- the living forms that have a tiny body and a long tail. It is followed by their development stage, during which their legs gradually appear.

Then the tadpoles grow into young frogs and throughout that phase, they experience significant changes as their tails get shorter in addition to the emergence of the front limbs , finally, they turn up to Mature frogs.

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